Is there some definition of independent decision making? Kahneman with others in Fast and Slow Thinking and Noise point to studies where in a committee setting people are influenced by things like seniority, alpha person not wanting to be contradicted, even in some situations the first expressed opinion has influence. Theoretically an independent decision may be person interviewed by doctor who records their decision, process separately repeated by another doctor and if decisions are the same that is the decision, if not, then no decision. The idea of professionally competent people sitting in a group gathering information from a person, and/or reading others opinions, then going off to discuss the right way forward is our normal process, but not fitting independent decision making perhaps. Probably irrelevant, but in my experience the apparently strongly delivered opinion of one doctor seemed to sway another doctor and AMHP incorrectly in fact and compliance with regulations. So is there some definition of independent decision making?